UNESCO TENTATIVE LIST 2024
Khooni Bhandara, Burhanpur
1615 CE Mughal subterranean qanat system utilizing 103 vertical shafts and a 3.9 km marble conduit to deliver 1.8 MLD water with 0 kWh electricity.
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HERITAGE & ENGINEERING BREAKTHROUGHS
Case Studies
In-depth technical explorations of landmark water management systems, historical qanats, and traditional zero-energy engineering feats.
UNESCO Tentative List 2024
FEATURED HISTORIC CASE STUDY
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Khooni Bhandara, Burhanpur: The 410-Year-Old Mughal Zero-Energy Qanat System
Built in 1615 CE by Persian geologist Tabkutul Arz under Subedar Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, this 3.9 km subterranean marble aqueduct and 103 vertical air-shaft kundis deliver 1.8 MLD clean water by pure gravitational force at zero energy cost.
Built: 1615 CE
Aqueduct: 3.9 KM Marble
Air Shafts: 103 Kundis
Energy Cost: 0 kWh (100% Gravity)
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DECCAN HYDRAULICS
Nahar-e-Ambari, Aurangabad
52 rock-cut subterranean water aqueducts engineered by Malik Ambar in 1617 CE supplying perennial mountain spring water across Aurangabad city.
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UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE
The Persian Qanats of Yazd & Mashhad
Ancient 2,500-year-old Iranian subterranean aqueduct networks tapping high mountain aquifers across 34,000 active channels in arid terrain.
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